Diabetes type 2 is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by insulin resistance. It is a disease that lacks a permanent or perfect cure. For sufferers management is the only option.
Management of this syndrome entails medication, exercise, diet and life style modification.
Applying medications is one amongst the few ways of managing diabetes type2. The medication could be in the form of oral or injectable drugs. People with diabetes type 2 need medicine (medication) because it can help their body in manufacturing more insulin which can help decrease insulin resistance or lower the rate at which their body absorbs carbohydrate.
There are 5 basic classes of medications that can be used in the management of diabetes they are
Sulfonylueas; -
This is an example of an anti diabetic drug that can be used in the effective management and treatment of diabetes. It is mostly applied in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It has some mild side effect like inducing hypoglycemia when insulin production overshoots. This could be corrected by taking sugary foods. Sulfonylueas are greatly ineffective in the treatment of diabetes type 1 or post pancreatectomy where there is absolute deficiency of insulin.
Meglitinides; -
These are drugs that are used in the treatment of diabetes. They treat diabetes by blocking the potassium channel in the beta cell, This closes the ATP dependent potassium channels and opens the cells calcium channel. The resulting calcium influx aids in stimulating the beta cells into releasing more insulin.
One of the side effects of meglitinides is hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) which occurs because meglitinides stimulate the beta into releasing insulin.
Thiazolidinediones; -
These are drugs that act as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes type 2. They help in the reduction of the level of glucose produced in the liver, and also help the insulin to function better in the muscles and fat. They are very useful and effective in lowering the level of glucose in the blood
Some of its side effects include increase risk of hepatitis, liver damages, heart failure and fluid retention resulting in edema. Some of these side effects are more pronounced if there is a withdrawal or discontinuation of usage.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors;-
These are oral anti-diabetic drugs that are used for the treatment of diabetics type 2. They are useful in the treatment of diabetics type 2 because they help in preventing the digestion carbohydrate by converting it into monosaccharides (simple sugar) which can easily be absorb by the intestines. They also slow the breakdown of certain sugars. After meal, their actions are capable of slowing down the rise in the level of glucose in the blood.
The side effect of this drug include diarrhea and flatulence which are dose related
Biguanides;-
These are oral hypoglycemic drugs which are useful in the treatment of diabetes they help in lowering the blood glucose level by making the tissues of the body especially the muscle tissues more sensitive to insulin It has some side effect which include diarrhea and lactic acidosis.
In applying medications to diabetes type 2, regular check is also advised. This should be done to ascertain the effect the drugs are having on our bodies.
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